Wednesday, January 31, 2007
Fanatik ögrencinin Sinav Kagidi
Endoplazmik retikiulum nedir?
Arjantin'in gelecek vaat eden oyuncusudur.
Lizozom ve ribozom nedir?
Surinam asıllı Hollandalı ikiz kardeşlerdir.
İstanbul kaç yılında fethedilmiştir?
Bilmez miyiz hocam: Since 1453!
ünlü bir bestekar ismi yazınız.
Beşiktaş çarşı Grubu
Eski Roma krallarından birinin adını yazınız.
Eskisi Giannini, yenisi Totti.
Almanya'nın başkenti neresidir?
Hertha Berlin.
İki iki daha kaç eder?
Hangi 2 konuk takımınsa o fazla eder.
Dört çarpı üç kaç eder?
Hocam, kasten çarptıysa penaltı eder ama yakın mesafeden çarptıysa devam eder.
Sıcak renkler nelerdir?
Sadece kırmızıdır Gören yanar, kavrulur.
En begendiginiz müzik türü hangisidir?
Statlarda yapılan tezahürat…
İzmir denince aklınıza gelen üç şey nedir?
Göztepe, Karşıyaka, Altay
Arjantin'in gelecek vaat eden oyuncusudur.
Lizozom ve ribozom nedir?
Surinam asıllı Hollandalı ikiz kardeşlerdir.
İstanbul kaç yılında fethedilmiştir?
Bilmez miyiz hocam: Since 1453!
ünlü bir bestekar ismi yazınız.
Beşiktaş çarşı Grubu
Eski Roma krallarından birinin adını yazınız.
Eskisi Giannini, yenisi Totti.
Almanya'nın başkenti neresidir?
Hertha Berlin.
İki iki daha kaç eder?
Hangi 2 konuk takımınsa o fazla eder.
Dört çarpı üç kaç eder?
Hocam, kasten çarptıysa penaltı eder ama yakın mesafeden çarptıysa devam eder.
Sıcak renkler nelerdir?
Sadece kırmızıdır Gören yanar, kavrulur.
En begendiginiz müzik türü hangisidir?
Statlarda yapılan tezahürat…
İzmir denince aklınıza gelen üç şey nedir?
Göztepe, Karşıyaka, Altay
Sunday, January 28, 2007
Saturday, January 27, 2007
Friday, January 26, 2007
Gizemli İnka Şehri / Mysterious inka city
MACHU PICCHU
(peru)
Machu Picchu, 15. yüzyılın başlarında, büyük İnka imparatoru Pachacutec tarafından yüksek bir dağın tepesindeki düzlüğe kurulmuştur. Bu hayalet şehir Peru'daki Amazon ormanlarının içlerinde, Urubamba Nehri'nin yukarı kesimlerindeki Andes Platosu'nun ortasında bulunmaktadır. Şehrin soylulara ait semtleri, esnaf ve ticaret siteleri ve çok geniş taraçaları vardır. 1535 yılında İspanyollar, İnka İmparatorluğu'nu yıktıklarında bu şehir terkedilmiş ve unutulmuş durumdaydı. Bu kutsal kayıp şehri 1908 yılında, Amerikalı kaşif Hiram Bingham keşfetmiştir.
Bugün Peru sınırları içinde bulunan bu hayalet şehrin harabelerinin bulunduğu yerde hiç taş yoktu. Tekerlekli araç kullanmayan İnkaların bu taşları dağın tepesine nasıl taşıdıkları tam olarak bilinememektedir.
sizinle machu picchu'nun cenneti andıran görüntülerini paylaşıyorum
(peru)
Machu Picchu, 15. yüzyılın başlarında, büyük İnka imparatoru Pachacutec tarafından yüksek bir dağın tepesindeki düzlüğe kurulmuştur. Bu hayalet şehir Peru'daki Amazon ormanlarının içlerinde, Urubamba Nehri'nin yukarı kesimlerindeki Andes Platosu'nun ortasında bulunmaktadır. Şehrin soylulara ait semtleri, esnaf ve ticaret siteleri ve çok geniş taraçaları vardır. 1535 yılında İspanyollar, İnka İmparatorluğu'nu yıktıklarında bu şehir terkedilmiş ve unutulmuş durumdaydı. Bu kutsal kayıp şehri 1908 yılında, Amerikalı kaşif Hiram Bingham keşfetmiştir.
Bugün Peru sınırları içinde bulunan bu hayalet şehrin harabelerinin bulunduğu yerde hiç taş yoktu. Tekerlekli araç kullanmayan İnkaların bu taşları dağın tepesine nasıl taşıdıkları tam olarak bilinememektedir.
sizinle machu picchu'nun cenneti andıran görüntülerini paylaşıyorum
Bad day
lyrics
Where is the moment we needed the most
dakikalar ihtiyacımız olduğunda neredeler
You kick up the leaves and the magic is lost
yaprakları tekmelersin ve büyü yok olur
They tell me your blue skies fade to grey
bana mavi gökyüzünün griye döndüğünü söylediler
They tell me your passion's gone away
bana hırslarını kaybettiğini söylediler
And I don't need no carryin' on
You stand in the line just to hit a new low
sınırda bekliyorsun bir kötülüğün daha isabet etmesi için
You're faking a smile with the coffee to go
sahte gülüşleri kahveyle sağlıyorsun
You tell me your life's been way off line
hayatının çıkmaz yola girdiğini söylüyorsun
You're falling to pieces everytime
heran parçalara ayrılıyorsun
And I don't need no carryin' on
Cause you had a bad day
çünkü kötü bir gündesin
You're taking one down
biraz daha aşağı iniyorsun
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
üzücü bir şarkı dinleyip sesini açıyorsun
You say you don't know
bana bilmediğini söylüyorsun
You tell me don't lie
yalan söylemediğini söylüyorsun
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
gülmeye çalışıyorsun ama daha gıcık oluyorsun
You had a bad day
kötü bir gündesin
The camera don't lie
kameralar yalan söylemez
You're coming back down and you really don't mind
geri geliyor ve cidden umursamıyorsun
You had a bad day
kötü bir gündesin
You had a bad day
Well you need a blue sky holiday
mavi gökyüzünde bir tatile ihtiyacın var
The point is they laugh at what you say
ne söylediğin değil onların gülüyor olması önemli
And I don't need no carryin' on
You had a bad day
You're taking one down
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
You say you don't know
You tell me don't lie
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
You had a bad day
The camera don't lie
You're coming back down and you really don't mind
You had a bad day
(Oh.. Holiday..)
Sometimes the system goes on the blink
bazen sistem körü körüne ilerler
And the whole thing turns out wrong
bazen herşey kötüye gider
You might not make it back and you know
geriye çeviremezsin ve bunu bilirsin
That you could be well oh that strong
iyi olabilecek kadar güçlü olabilirsin
And I'm not wrong
yanılmıyorum
So where is the passion when you need it the most
hırs ihtiyaç duyduğumuzda nerededir
Oh you and I
sen ve ben
You kick up the leaves and the magic is lost
Cause you had a bad day
You're taking one down
You sing a sad song just to turn it around
You say you don't know
You tell me don't lie
You work at a smile and you go for a ride
You had a bad day
You've seen what you like
neyi sevdiğini gördün
And how does it feel for one more time
nasıl hissettirdiğinide
You had a bad day
You had a bad day
Had a bad day
Had a bad day
Had a bad day
Had a bad day
Had a bad day
Thursday, January 25, 2007
Uyanik mumin / Tricky
Uyanık Mumin
Malumunuz üzere islam fikhina göre, namazda tek basina saf yapilamaz.
Eger öndeki saf doluysa, cemaatten birinin omzuna vurularak namazini
bozmayacak sekilde arka safa geçmesi saglanabilir. Böylece arkada
iki kisilik bir saf tutulmus olur ve namazin sihhati bozulmamis olur.
Buradaki olay sonradan gelen cemaatin yamuk yapmasi üzerine yasaniyor...
In muslum praying creating a row need less two persons. if you come late and
become one by self. you could call one of the people from front row by touching slowly his shoulder. but that crazy person dont obey the rule and tries to trink to one whom he call from front row.
Malumunuz üzere islam fikhina göre, namazda tek basina saf yapilamaz.
Eger öndeki saf doluysa, cemaatten birinin omzuna vurularak namazini
bozmayacak sekilde arka safa geçmesi saglanabilir. Böylece arkada
iki kisilik bir saf tutulmus olur ve namazin sihhati bozulmamis olur.
Buradaki olay sonradan gelen cemaatin yamuk yapmasi üzerine yasaniyor...
In muslum praying creating a row need less two persons. if you come late and
become one by self. you could call one of the people from front row by touching slowly his shoulder. but that crazy person dont obey the rule and tries to trink to one whom he call from front row.
Wednesday, January 24, 2007
Auto insurance / Araba Sigortasi
Vehicle insurance (or Auto insurance, car insurance, motor insurance) is insurance consumers can purchase for cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Its primary use is to provide protection against losses incurred as a result of traffic accidents. An insurance company may declare a vehicle totally destroyed ('totaled' or 'a write-off') if it appears replacement would be cheaper than repair.
Coverage levels
Insurance can cover some or all of the following items:
1. The insured party
2. The insured vehicle
3. Third parties
Different policies specify the circumstances under which each item is covered. For example, a vehicle can be insured against theft, fire damage, or accident damage independently.
Public policy
In many countries it is compulsory to purchase auto insurance before driving on public roads. In the United States, penalties for not purchasing auto insurance vary by state, but often involve a substantial fine, license and/or registration suspension or revocation, as well as possible jail time in some states. Usually the minimum required by law is third party insurance to protect third parties against the financial consequences of loss, damage or injury caused by a vehicle. Typically, coverage against loss of or damage to the driver's own vehicle is optional - one notable exception to this is in Saskatchewan, where SGI provides collision coverage (less a $700 deductible) (such as a collision damage waiver) as part of its basic insurance policy. In South Australia Third Party Personal insurance from the State Government Insurance Corporation (SGIC) is included in the license registration fee. South Africa allocates a percentage of the money from petrol into the Road Accidents Fund, which goes towards compensating third parties in accidents.[1] Most countries relate insurance to both the car and the driver, however the degree of each varies greatly.
Basis of premium charges
Depending on the jurisdiction, the insurance premium can be either mandated by the government or determined by the insurance company in accordance to a framework of regulations set by the government. Often, the insurer will have more freedom to set the price on physical damage coverages than on mandatory liability coverages.
When the premium is not mandated by the government, it is usually derived from the calculations of an actuary based on statistical data. The premium can vary depending on many factors that are believed to have an impact on the expected cost of future claims.[2] Those factors can include the car characteristics, the coverage selected (deductible, limit, covered perils), the profile of the driver (age, gender, driving history) and the usage of the car (commute to work or not, predicted annual distance driven).[3][4]
Gender
Men average more miles driven per year than women do, and have a proportionally higher accident involvement at all ages. Insurance companies cite women's lower accident involvement in keeping the youth surcharge lower for young women drivers than for their male counterparts but adult rates are generally unisex. Mistaken reference to the lower rate for young women as "the women's discount" has caused confusion that was evident in news reports on a recently defeated EC proposal to make it illegal to consider gender in assessing insurance premiums.[5] Ending the discount would have made no difference to most women's premiums.
Age
Teenage drivers who have no driving record will have higher car insurance premiums. However young drivers are often offered discounts if they undertake further driver training on recognised courses, such as the Pass Plus scheme in the U.K. In the U.S. many insurers offer a good grade discount to students with a good academic record and resident student discounts to those who live away from home. Generally insurance premiums tend to become lower at the age of 25. Senior drivers are often eligible for retirement discounts.
Distance
Some car insurance plans do not differentiate in regard to how much the car is used. However, methods of differentiation would include:
Reasonable estimation
Several car insurance plans rely on a reasonable estimation of the average annual distance expected to be driven which is provided by the insured. This discount benefits drivers who drive their cars infrequently but has no actuarial value since it is unverified.
Odometer-based systems
Cents Per Mile Now[6](1986) advocates classified odometer-mile rates. After the company's risk factors have been applied and the customer has accepted the per-mile rate offered, customers buy prepaid miles of insurance protection as needed, like buying gallons of gasoline. Insurance automatically ends when the odometer limit (recorded on the car’s insurance ID card) is reached unless more miles are bought. Customers keep track of miles on their own odometer to know when to buy more. The company does no after-the-fact billing of the customer, and the customer doesn't have to estimate a "future annual mileage" figure for the company to obtain a discount. In the event of a traffic stop, an officer could easily verify that the insurance is current by comparing the figure on the insurance card to that on the odometer.
Critics point out the possibility of cheating the system by odometer tampering. Although the newer electronic odometers are difficult to roll back, they can still be defeated by disconnecting the odometer wires and reconnecting them later. However, as the Cents Per Mile Now website points out: "As a practical matter, resetting odometers requires equipment plus expertise that makes stealing insurance risky and uneconomical. For example, in order to steal 20,000 miles of continuous protection while paying for only the 2,000 miles from 35,000 miles to 37,000 miles on the odometer, the resetting would have to be done at least nine times to keep the odometer reading within the narrow 2,000-mile covered range. There are also powerful legal deterrents to this way of stealing insurance protection. Odometers have always served as the measuring device for resale value, rental and leasing charges, warranty limits, mechanical breakdown insurance, and cents-per-mile tax deductions or reimbursements for business or government travel. Odometer tampering—detected during claim processing—voids the insurance and, under decades-old state and federal law, is punishable by heavy fines and jail."
Under the cents-per-mile system, rewards for driving less are delivered automatically without need for administratively cumbersome and costly technology. Uniform per-mile exposure measurement for the first time provides the basis for statistically valid rate classes. Insurer premium income automatically keeps pace with increases or decreases in driving activity, cutting back on resulting insurer demand for rate increases and preventing today's windfalls to insurers when decreased driving activity lowers costs but not premiums.
GPS-based system
In 1998, Progressive Insurance started a pilot program in Texas in which volunteers installed a GPS-based technology called Autograph in exchange for a discount. The device tracked their driving behavior and reported the results via cellular phone to the company.[7] Policyholders were reportedly more upset about having to pay for the expensive device than they were over privacy concerns.[8]
In 1996, Progressive filed for and obtained a US patent (US patent 5,797134) on their process. Progressive has also filed corresponding patent applications in Europe and Japan. UK auto insurer, Norwich Union, has obtained an exclusive license to Progressive's European patent application. They have recently completed a successful pilot test of the technology and it is now available commercially under the tradename "Pay As You Drive™"[9]
OBDII-based system
In 2004, Progressive launched another pilot program to allow policyholders to earn a discount on their premiums by consenting to use its TripSense device. TripSense connects to a car's OnBoard Diagnostic(OBD-II) port, which exists in all cars built after 1996. The discount is forfeited if the device is disconnected for a significant amount of time.[10]
Auto Insurance in the United States
Coverage Available
The consumer may be protected with different coverage types depending on what coverage the insured purchases.
In the United States, liability insurance covers claims against the policy holder and generally, any other operator of the insured’s vehicle, provided they do not live at the same address as the policy holder and are not specifically excluded on the policy. In the case of those living at the same address, they must specifically be covered on the policy. Thus it is necessary for example, when a family member comes of driving age they must be added on to the policy. Liability insurance sometimes does not protect the policy holder if they operate any vehicles other than their own. When you drive a vehicle owned by another party, you are covered under that party’s policy. Non-owners policies may be offered that would cover an insured on any vehicle they drive. This coverage is available only to those who do not own their own vehicle and is sometimes required by the government for drivers who have previously been found at fault in an accident.
Generally, liability coverage does extend when you rent a car. Comprehensive policies ("full coverage") usually also apply to the rental vehicle, although this should be verified beforehand. Full coverage premiums are based on, among other factors, the value of the insured’s vehicle. This coverage may not apply to rental cars because the insurance company does not want to assume responsibility for a claim greater than the value of the insured’s vehicle, assuming that a rental car may be worth more than the insured’s vehicle. Most rental car companies offer insurance to cover damage to the rental vehicle. These policies may be unnecessary for many customers as credit card companies, such as Visa and MasterCard, now provide supplemental collision damage coverage to rental cars if the transaction is processed using one of their cards. These benefits are restrictive in terms of the types of vehicles covered.[11]
Liability
Liability coverage provides a fixed dollar amount of coverage for damages that an insured becomes legally liable to pay due to an accident or other negligence. For example, if an insured drives into a telephone pole and damages the pole, liability coverage pays for the damage to the pole. In this example, the insured also may become liable for other expenses related to damaging the telephone pole, such as loss of service claims (by the telephone company).
Liability coverage is available either as a combined single limit policy or as a split limit policy:
Combined Single Limit
A combined single limit combines property damage liability coverage and bodily injury coverage under one single combined limit. For example, an insured with a combine single liability limit strikes another vehicle and injures the driver and the passenger. Payments for the damages to the other driver's car, as well as payments for injury claims for the driver and passenger, would be paid out under this same coverage.
Split Limits
A split limit liability coverage policy splits the coverages into property damage coverage and bodily injury coverage. In the example given above, payments for the other driver's vehicle would be paid out under property damage coverage, and payments for the injuries would be paid out under bodily injury coverage.
Note that bodily injury liability coverage is also usually split as well into a maximum payment per person and a maximum payment per accident.
Collision
Collision coverage provides coverage for an insured's vehicle that is involved in an accident, subject to a deductible. This coverage is designed to provide payments to repair the damaged vehicle, or payment of the cash value of the vehicle if it is not repairable. Collision coverage is optional. Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) is the term used by rental car companies for collision coverage.
Comprehensive
Comprehensive (a.k.a. - Other Than Collision) coverage provides coverage, subject to a deductible, for an insured's vehicle that is damaged by incidents that are not considered Collisions. For example, fire, theft (or attempted theft), vandalism, weather, or impacts with animals are just some types of Comprehensive losses.
Uninsured/Underinsured Coverage
Uninsured/Underinsured coverage, also known as UM/UIM, provides coverage if another at-fault party either does not have insurance, or does not have enough insurance. In effect, your insurance company acts as at fault party's insurance company.
In the United States, the definition of an uninsured/underinsured motorist, and corresponding coverages, are set by the state you reside in.
Loss of Use
Loss of Use coverage, also known as rental coverage, provides reimbursement for rental expenses associated with having an insured vehicle repaired due to a covered loss.
Loan/Lease Payoff
Loan/Lease Payoff coverage, also known as GAP coverage or GAP insurance, [12] [13] was established in the early 1980's to provide protection to consumers based upon buying and market trends.
Due to the sharp decline in value immediately following purchase, there is generally a period in which the amount owed on the car loan exceeds the value of the vehicle, which is called "upside-down" or negative equity. Thus, if the vehicle is damaged beyond economical repair at this point, the owner will still owe potentially thousands of dollars on the loan. The escalating price of cars, longer-term auto loans, and the increasing popularity of leasing gave birth to GAP protection. GAP waivers provide protection for consumers when a "gap" exists between the actual value of their vehicle and the amount of money owed to the bank or leasing company. In many instances this insurance will also pay the deductible on the primary insurance policy. These policies are often offered at the auto dealership as a comparatively low cost add on that can be put into the car loan which provides coverage for the duration of the loan.
Consumers should be aware that a few states, including New York, require lenders of leased cars to include GAP insurance within the cost of the lease itself. This means that the monthly price quoted by the dealer must include GAP insurance, whether it is delineated or not. Nevertheless, unscrupulous dealers sometimes prey on unsuspecting individuals by offering them GAP insurance at an additional price, on top of the monthly payment, without mentioning the State's requirements.
In addition, some vendors and insurance companies offer what is called "Total Loss Coverage." This is similar to ordinary GAP insurance but differs in that instead of paying off the negative equity on a vehicle that is a total loss, the policy provides a certain amount, usually up to $5000, toward the purchase or lease of a new vehicle. Thus, to some extent the distinction makes no difference, i.e., in either case the owner receives a certain sum of money. However, in choosing which type of policy to purchase, the owner should consider whether, in case of a total loss, it is more advantageous for him or her to have the policy pay off the negative equity or provide a down payment on a new vehicle.
For example, assuming a total loss of a vehicle valued at $15,000, but on which the owner owes $20,000, the "gap" is $5000. If the owner has traditional GAP coverage, the "gap" will be wiped out and he or she may purchase or lease another vehicle or choose not to. If the owner has "Total Loss Coverage," he or she will have to personally cover the "gap" of $5000, and then receive $5000 toward the purchase or lease of a new vehicle, thereby either reducing monthly payments, in the case of financing or leasing, or the total purchase price in the case of outright purchasing. So the decision on which type of policy to purchase will, in most instances, be informed by whether the owner can pay off the negative equity in case of a total loss and/or whether he or she will definitively purchase a replacement vehicle.
Car Towing Insurance
Car Towing coverage is also known as Roadside Assistance coverage. Traditionally, automobile insurance companies have agreed to only pay for the cost of a tow that is related to an accident that is covered under the automobile policy of insurance. This had left a gap in coverage for tows that are related to mechanical breakdowns, flat tires and running out of gas. To fill that void, insurance companies started to offer the Car Towing coverage, which pays for non-accident related tows.
European Union and United Kingdom Laws regarding motor insurance
In 1930 the UK government introduced a law that required every person who used a vehicle on the road to have at least third party personal injury insurance. Today UK law is defined by the The Road Traffic Act which was last modified in 1991.
The Act requires all motorists to be insured against their liability for injuries to others (including passengers) and for damage to other persons' property resulting from use of a vehicle on a public road or in other public places. This is called Third Party Insurance. It is an offence to drive your car, or allow others to drive it, without at least Third Party insurance.
The insurance certificate or cover note issued by the insurance company constitutes legal evidence that the vehicle specified on the document is indeed insured. The Law says that an authorised person, such as the police, may require a driver to produce an insurance certificate for inspection. If the driver cannot show the document immediately on request, then the driver will usually be issued a HORT/1 with seven days, as of midnight of the date of issue, to take a valid insurance certificate (and usually other driving documents as well) to a police station of the driver's choice. Failure to produce an insurance certificate is an offence.
Insurance is more expensive in Northern Ireland than in other parts of the UK.
Motorists in the UK are required to display a Vehicle excise duty disc in their car when it is kept or driven on public roads. This helps to ensure that most people have adequate insurance on their vehicles because you are required to produce an insurance certificate when you purchase the disc. However it is a known practice for some people to purchase insurance to gain the certificate and then to cancel the insurance and gain a full refund within the statutory 14 day cooling off period.
The Motor Insurers Bureau compensates the victims of road accidents caused by uninsured and untraced motorists. It also operates the Motor Insurance Database, which contains details of every insured vehicle in the country.
Coverage levels
Insurance can cover some or all of the following items:
1. The insured party
2. The insured vehicle
3. Third parties
Different policies specify the circumstances under which each item is covered. For example, a vehicle can be insured against theft, fire damage, or accident damage independently.
Public policy
In many countries it is compulsory to purchase auto insurance before driving on public roads. In the United States, penalties for not purchasing auto insurance vary by state, but often involve a substantial fine, license and/or registration suspension or revocation, as well as possible jail time in some states. Usually the minimum required by law is third party insurance to protect third parties against the financial consequences of loss, damage or injury caused by a vehicle. Typically, coverage against loss of or damage to the driver's own vehicle is optional - one notable exception to this is in Saskatchewan, where SGI provides collision coverage (less a $700 deductible) (such as a collision damage waiver) as part of its basic insurance policy. In South Australia Third Party Personal insurance from the State Government Insurance Corporation (SGIC) is included in the license registration fee. South Africa allocates a percentage of the money from petrol into the Road Accidents Fund, which goes towards compensating third parties in accidents.[1] Most countries relate insurance to both the car and the driver, however the degree of each varies greatly.
Basis of premium charges
Depending on the jurisdiction, the insurance premium can be either mandated by the government or determined by the insurance company in accordance to a framework of regulations set by the government. Often, the insurer will have more freedom to set the price on physical damage coverages than on mandatory liability coverages.
When the premium is not mandated by the government, it is usually derived from the calculations of an actuary based on statistical data. The premium can vary depending on many factors that are believed to have an impact on the expected cost of future claims.[2] Those factors can include the car characteristics, the coverage selected (deductible, limit, covered perils), the profile of the driver (age, gender, driving history) and the usage of the car (commute to work or not, predicted annual distance driven).[3][4]
Gender
Men average more miles driven per year than women do, and have a proportionally higher accident involvement at all ages. Insurance companies cite women's lower accident involvement in keeping the youth surcharge lower for young women drivers than for their male counterparts but adult rates are generally unisex. Mistaken reference to the lower rate for young women as "the women's discount" has caused confusion that was evident in news reports on a recently defeated EC proposal to make it illegal to consider gender in assessing insurance premiums.[5] Ending the discount would have made no difference to most women's premiums.
Age
Teenage drivers who have no driving record will have higher car insurance premiums. However young drivers are often offered discounts if they undertake further driver training on recognised courses, such as the Pass Plus scheme in the U.K. In the U.S. many insurers offer a good grade discount to students with a good academic record and resident student discounts to those who live away from home. Generally insurance premiums tend to become lower at the age of 25. Senior drivers are often eligible for retirement discounts.
Distance
Some car insurance plans do not differentiate in regard to how much the car is used. However, methods of differentiation would include:
Reasonable estimation
Several car insurance plans rely on a reasonable estimation of the average annual distance expected to be driven which is provided by the insured. This discount benefits drivers who drive their cars infrequently but has no actuarial value since it is unverified.
Odometer-based systems
Cents Per Mile Now[6](1986) advocates classified odometer-mile rates. After the company's risk factors have been applied and the customer has accepted the per-mile rate offered, customers buy prepaid miles of insurance protection as needed, like buying gallons of gasoline. Insurance automatically ends when the odometer limit (recorded on the car’s insurance ID card) is reached unless more miles are bought. Customers keep track of miles on their own odometer to know when to buy more. The company does no after-the-fact billing of the customer, and the customer doesn't have to estimate a "future annual mileage" figure for the company to obtain a discount. In the event of a traffic stop, an officer could easily verify that the insurance is current by comparing the figure on the insurance card to that on the odometer.
Critics point out the possibility of cheating the system by odometer tampering. Although the newer electronic odometers are difficult to roll back, they can still be defeated by disconnecting the odometer wires and reconnecting them later. However, as the Cents Per Mile Now website points out: "As a practical matter, resetting odometers requires equipment plus expertise that makes stealing insurance risky and uneconomical. For example, in order to steal 20,000 miles of continuous protection while paying for only the 2,000 miles from 35,000 miles to 37,000 miles on the odometer, the resetting would have to be done at least nine times to keep the odometer reading within the narrow 2,000-mile covered range. There are also powerful legal deterrents to this way of stealing insurance protection. Odometers have always served as the measuring device for resale value, rental and leasing charges, warranty limits, mechanical breakdown insurance, and cents-per-mile tax deductions or reimbursements for business or government travel. Odometer tampering—detected during claim processing—voids the insurance and, under decades-old state and federal law, is punishable by heavy fines and jail."
Under the cents-per-mile system, rewards for driving less are delivered automatically without need for administratively cumbersome and costly technology. Uniform per-mile exposure measurement for the first time provides the basis for statistically valid rate classes. Insurer premium income automatically keeps pace with increases or decreases in driving activity, cutting back on resulting insurer demand for rate increases and preventing today's windfalls to insurers when decreased driving activity lowers costs but not premiums.
GPS-based system
In 1998, Progressive Insurance started a pilot program in Texas in which volunteers installed a GPS-based technology called Autograph in exchange for a discount. The device tracked their driving behavior and reported the results via cellular phone to the company.[7] Policyholders were reportedly more upset about having to pay for the expensive device than they were over privacy concerns.[8]
In 1996, Progressive filed for and obtained a US patent (US patent 5,797134) on their process. Progressive has also filed corresponding patent applications in Europe and Japan. UK auto insurer, Norwich Union, has obtained an exclusive license to Progressive's European patent application. They have recently completed a successful pilot test of the technology and it is now available commercially under the tradename "Pay As You Drive™"[9]
OBDII-based system
In 2004, Progressive launched another pilot program to allow policyholders to earn a discount on their premiums by consenting to use its TripSense device. TripSense connects to a car's OnBoard Diagnostic(OBD-II) port, which exists in all cars built after 1996. The discount is forfeited if the device is disconnected for a significant amount of time.[10]
Auto Insurance in the United States
Coverage Available
The consumer may be protected with different coverage types depending on what coverage the insured purchases.
In the United States, liability insurance covers claims against the policy holder and generally, any other operator of the insured’s vehicle, provided they do not live at the same address as the policy holder and are not specifically excluded on the policy. In the case of those living at the same address, they must specifically be covered on the policy. Thus it is necessary for example, when a family member comes of driving age they must be added on to the policy. Liability insurance sometimes does not protect the policy holder if they operate any vehicles other than their own. When you drive a vehicle owned by another party, you are covered under that party’s policy. Non-owners policies may be offered that would cover an insured on any vehicle they drive. This coverage is available only to those who do not own their own vehicle and is sometimes required by the government for drivers who have previously been found at fault in an accident.
Generally, liability coverage does extend when you rent a car. Comprehensive policies ("full coverage") usually also apply to the rental vehicle, although this should be verified beforehand. Full coverage premiums are based on, among other factors, the value of the insured’s vehicle. This coverage may not apply to rental cars because the insurance company does not want to assume responsibility for a claim greater than the value of the insured’s vehicle, assuming that a rental car may be worth more than the insured’s vehicle. Most rental car companies offer insurance to cover damage to the rental vehicle. These policies may be unnecessary for many customers as credit card companies, such as Visa and MasterCard, now provide supplemental collision damage coverage to rental cars if the transaction is processed using one of their cards. These benefits are restrictive in terms of the types of vehicles covered.[11]
Liability
Liability coverage provides a fixed dollar amount of coverage for damages that an insured becomes legally liable to pay due to an accident or other negligence. For example, if an insured drives into a telephone pole and damages the pole, liability coverage pays for the damage to the pole. In this example, the insured also may become liable for other expenses related to damaging the telephone pole, such as loss of service claims (by the telephone company).
Liability coverage is available either as a combined single limit policy or as a split limit policy:
Combined Single Limit
A combined single limit combines property damage liability coverage and bodily injury coverage under one single combined limit. For example, an insured with a combine single liability limit strikes another vehicle and injures the driver and the passenger. Payments for the damages to the other driver's car, as well as payments for injury claims for the driver and passenger, would be paid out under this same coverage.
Split Limits
A split limit liability coverage policy splits the coverages into property damage coverage and bodily injury coverage. In the example given above, payments for the other driver's vehicle would be paid out under property damage coverage, and payments for the injuries would be paid out under bodily injury coverage.
Note that bodily injury liability coverage is also usually split as well into a maximum payment per person and a maximum payment per accident.
Collision
Collision coverage provides coverage for an insured's vehicle that is involved in an accident, subject to a deductible. This coverage is designed to provide payments to repair the damaged vehicle, or payment of the cash value of the vehicle if it is not repairable. Collision coverage is optional. Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) is the term used by rental car companies for collision coverage.
Comprehensive
Comprehensive (a.k.a. - Other Than Collision) coverage provides coverage, subject to a deductible, for an insured's vehicle that is damaged by incidents that are not considered Collisions. For example, fire, theft (or attempted theft), vandalism, weather, or impacts with animals are just some types of Comprehensive losses.
Uninsured/Underinsured Coverage
Uninsured/Underinsured coverage, also known as UM/UIM, provides coverage if another at-fault party either does not have insurance, or does not have enough insurance. In effect, your insurance company acts as at fault party's insurance company.
In the United States, the definition of an uninsured/underinsured motorist, and corresponding coverages, are set by the state you reside in.
Loss of Use
Loss of Use coverage, also known as rental coverage, provides reimbursement for rental expenses associated with having an insured vehicle repaired due to a covered loss.
Loan/Lease Payoff
Loan/Lease Payoff coverage, also known as GAP coverage or GAP insurance, [12] [13] was established in the early 1980's to provide protection to consumers based upon buying and market trends.
Due to the sharp decline in value immediately following purchase, there is generally a period in which the amount owed on the car loan exceeds the value of the vehicle, which is called "upside-down" or negative equity. Thus, if the vehicle is damaged beyond economical repair at this point, the owner will still owe potentially thousands of dollars on the loan. The escalating price of cars, longer-term auto loans, and the increasing popularity of leasing gave birth to GAP protection. GAP waivers provide protection for consumers when a "gap" exists between the actual value of their vehicle and the amount of money owed to the bank or leasing company. In many instances this insurance will also pay the deductible on the primary insurance policy. These policies are often offered at the auto dealership as a comparatively low cost add on that can be put into the car loan which provides coverage for the duration of the loan.
Consumers should be aware that a few states, including New York, require lenders of leased cars to include GAP insurance within the cost of the lease itself. This means that the monthly price quoted by the dealer must include GAP insurance, whether it is delineated or not. Nevertheless, unscrupulous dealers sometimes prey on unsuspecting individuals by offering them GAP insurance at an additional price, on top of the monthly payment, without mentioning the State's requirements.
In addition, some vendors and insurance companies offer what is called "Total Loss Coverage." This is similar to ordinary GAP insurance but differs in that instead of paying off the negative equity on a vehicle that is a total loss, the policy provides a certain amount, usually up to $5000, toward the purchase or lease of a new vehicle. Thus, to some extent the distinction makes no difference, i.e., in either case the owner receives a certain sum of money. However, in choosing which type of policy to purchase, the owner should consider whether, in case of a total loss, it is more advantageous for him or her to have the policy pay off the negative equity or provide a down payment on a new vehicle.
For example, assuming a total loss of a vehicle valued at $15,000, but on which the owner owes $20,000, the "gap" is $5000. If the owner has traditional GAP coverage, the "gap" will be wiped out and he or she may purchase or lease another vehicle or choose not to. If the owner has "Total Loss Coverage," he or she will have to personally cover the "gap" of $5000, and then receive $5000 toward the purchase or lease of a new vehicle, thereby either reducing monthly payments, in the case of financing or leasing, or the total purchase price in the case of outright purchasing. So the decision on which type of policy to purchase will, in most instances, be informed by whether the owner can pay off the negative equity in case of a total loss and/or whether he or she will definitively purchase a replacement vehicle.
Car Towing Insurance
Car Towing coverage is also known as Roadside Assistance coverage. Traditionally, automobile insurance companies have agreed to only pay for the cost of a tow that is related to an accident that is covered under the automobile policy of insurance. This had left a gap in coverage for tows that are related to mechanical breakdowns, flat tires and running out of gas. To fill that void, insurance companies started to offer the Car Towing coverage, which pays for non-accident related tows.
European Union and United Kingdom Laws regarding motor insurance
In 1930 the UK government introduced a law that required every person who used a vehicle on the road to have at least third party personal injury insurance. Today UK law is defined by the The Road Traffic Act which was last modified in 1991.
The Act requires all motorists to be insured against their liability for injuries to others (including passengers) and for damage to other persons' property resulting from use of a vehicle on a public road or in other public places. This is called Third Party Insurance. It is an offence to drive your car, or allow others to drive it, without at least Third Party insurance.
The insurance certificate or cover note issued by the insurance company constitutes legal evidence that the vehicle specified on the document is indeed insured. The Law says that an authorised person, such as the police, may require a driver to produce an insurance certificate for inspection. If the driver cannot show the document immediately on request, then the driver will usually be issued a HORT/1 with seven days, as of midnight of the date of issue, to take a valid insurance certificate (and usually other driving documents as well) to a police station of the driver's choice. Failure to produce an insurance certificate is an offence.
Insurance is more expensive in Northern Ireland than in other parts of the UK.
Motorists in the UK are required to display a Vehicle excise duty disc in their car when it is kept or driven on public roads. This helps to ensure that most people have adequate insurance on their vehicles because you are required to produce an insurance certificate when you purchase the disc. However it is a known practice for some people to purchase insurance to gain the certificate and then to cancel the insurance and gain a full refund within the statutory 14 day cooling off period.
The Motor Insurers Bureau compensates the victims of road accidents caused by uninsured and untraced motorists. It also operates the Motor Insurance Database, which contains details of every insured vehicle in the country.
bittorent.exe virus
bittorent.exe Virüsü Temizle Yöntemi
Son zamanlarda bir çok kullanıcının baş belası bittorent.exe virüsünün temizleme yöntemini aşağıda bulabilirsiniz:
Öcelikle güvenilir ve güncel bir antivirüs programını en güncel haliyle sisteme kurun. Bizim önerimiz Avast Antivirüs programı. programı kurduktan sonra dos modunda sistemi taratın. Sistemdeki virüslü dosyaları bulacak ve silecektir. ancak işlem burada bitmiyor maalesef, bazı durumlarda aşağıdaki yönergeleri sizin yapmanız gerekmekte.
. Zararlı kodları Registery (Kayıt Defteri)'den Silmek
Önemli Not: Registery(Kayıt Defteri)de yapacağınız değişilikler direkt sistemi etkileyebilir ve geri döndüremeyebilir. Lütfen öncelikle defterin yedeğini alın. Eğer emin değilseniz bilen bir yetkin kişiden yardım talep ediniz.!
1. Start > Run (Başlat > Çalıştır).
2. regedit yazın
3. OK (tamam) Tıklayın.
4. Aşağıdaki Alt Satırı Bulun:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWARE
5. panelin sağ tarafındaki aşağıdaki değeri bulun ve silin:
"Rich98"
6. Bakmanız gereken diğer alt kayıtlar:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnce
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersion
PoliciesExplorerRun
7. yine panelin sağ tarafındaki aşağıdaki kayıtı silin:
"{9D0351F9-8E49-4ed1-BBCE-0795F5B9F240}" = "%System%richnotify.exe"
8. Registry Editor (Kayıt Defteri Düzenleyici) 'den Çıkın.
Son kez sistemi antivirüs programınız ile taratın. Eğer antivirüs programınızın virüslü dosyaları bulamadığından şüphe duyuyorsanız aşağıdaki dosyaları sistemde manuel olarak aratın ve silin.
# abc.exe
# anyq.exe
# aol.exe
# apache.exe
# apachemonitor.exe
# baidux.exe
# bitcomet.exe
# bitspirit.exe
# bittorrent.exe
# btogether.exe
# ccapp.exe
# conf.exe
# conime.exe
# ctfmon.exe
# cuteftp.exe
# daemon.exe
# dudu.exe
# emule.exe
# eph.exe
# et.exe
# explorer.exe
# firefox.exe
# flashfxp.exe
# flashget.exe
# foobar2000.exe
# foxmail.exe
# gaim.exe
# hkcmd.exe
# icq.exe
# iexplore.exe
# imu.exe
# internat.exe
# irc.exe
# kav32.exe
# kugoo.exe
# kuro.exe
# kvolself.exe
# kvsrvxp.exe
# leapftp.exe
# lite.exe
# lucomserver_2_5.exe
# maxthon.exe
# meteornettv-hj.exe
# mirc.exe
# mprexe.exe
# msgsrv32.exe
# msimn.exe
# msnmsgr.exe
# myie.exe
# myie2.exe
# myim.exe
# netants.exe
# netscape.exe
# nettransport.exe
# nettv.exe
# opera.exe
# outlook.exe
# p2psrv.exe
# poco2004.exe
# popo.exe
# qq.exe
# qqexternal.exe
# qqmail.exe
# qqmusic.exe
# ravcopy.exe
# realplay.exe
# realsched.exe
# rtxc.exe
# sentinel.exe
# servutray.exe
# skype.exe
# startv.exe
# stv.exe
# systray.exe
# taskmgr.exe
# taskmon.exe
# thunder.exe
# tm.exe
# tmshell.exe
# ttplayer.exe
# ttraveler.exe
# uc.exe
# vpp.exe
# winamp.exe
# wmplayer.exe
# winlogon.exe
# ypager.exe
Virüssüz Günler Dileriz.
A. Türker BALKAR
Son zamanlarda bir çok kullanıcının baş belası bittorent.exe virüsünün temizleme yöntemini aşağıda bulabilirsiniz:
Öcelikle güvenilir ve güncel bir antivirüs programını en güncel haliyle sisteme kurun. Bizim önerimiz Avast Antivirüs programı. programı kurduktan sonra dos modunda sistemi taratın. Sistemdeki virüslü dosyaları bulacak ve silecektir. ancak işlem burada bitmiyor maalesef, bazı durumlarda aşağıdaki yönergeleri sizin yapmanız gerekmekte.
. Zararlı kodları Registery (Kayıt Defteri)'den Silmek
Önemli Not: Registery(Kayıt Defteri)de yapacağınız değişilikler direkt sistemi etkileyebilir ve geri döndüremeyebilir. Lütfen öncelikle defterin yedeğini alın. Eğer emin değilseniz bilen bir yetkin kişiden yardım talep ediniz.!
1. Start > Run (Başlat > Çalıştır).
2. regedit yazın
3. OK (tamam) Tıklayın.
4. Aşağıdaki Alt Satırı Bulun:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWARE
5. panelin sağ tarafındaki aşağıdaki değeri bulun ve silin:
"Rich98"
6. Bakmanız gereken diğer alt kayıtlar:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnce
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersion
PoliciesExplorerRun
7. yine panelin sağ tarafındaki aşağıdaki kayıtı silin:
"{9D0351F9-8E49-4ed1-BBCE-0795F5B9F240}" = "%System%richnotify.exe"
8. Registry Editor (Kayıt Defteri Düzenleyici) 'den Çıkın.
Son kez sistemi antivirüs programınız ile taratın. Eğer antivirüs programınızın virüslü dosyaları bulamadığından şüphe duyuyorsanız aşağıdaki dosyaları sistemde manuel olarak aratın ve silin.
# abc.exe
# anyq.exe
# aol.exe
# apache.exe
# apachemonitor.exe
# baidux.exe
# bitcomet.exe
# bitspirit.exe
# bittorrent.exe
# btogether.exe
# ccapp.exe
# conf.exe
# conime.exe
# ctfmon.exe
# cuteftp.exe
# daemon.exe
# dudu.exe
# emule.exe
# eph.exe
# et.exe
# explorer.exe
# firefox.exe
# flashfxp.exe
# flashget.exe
# foobar2000.exe
# foxmail.exe
# gaim.exe
# hkcmd.exe
# icq.exe
# iexplore.exe
# imu.exe
# internat.exe
# irc.exe
# kav32.exe
# kugoo.exe
# kuro.exe
# kvolself.exe
# kvsrvxp.exe
# leapftp.exe
# lite.exe
# lucomserver_2_5.exe
# maxthon.exe
# meteornettv-hj.exe
# mirc.exe
# mprexe.exe
# msgsrv32.exe
# msimn.exe
# msnmsgr.exe
# myie.exe
# myie2.exe
# myim.exe
# netants.exe
# netscape.exe
# nettransport.exe
# nettv.exe
# opera.exe
# outlook.exe
# p2psrv.exe
# poco2004.exe
# popo.exe
# qq.exe
# qqexternal.exe
# qqmail.exe
# qqmusic.exe
# ravcopy.exe
# realplay.exe
# realsched.exe
# rtxc.exe
# sentinel.exe
# servutray.exe
# skype.exe
# startv.exe
# stv.exe
# systray.exe
# taskmgr.exe
# taskmon.exe
# thunder.exe
# tm.exe
# tmshell.exe
# ttplayer.exe
# ttraveler.exe
# uc.exe
# vpp.exe
# winamp.exe
# wmplayer.exe
# winlogon.exe
# ypager.exe
Virüssüz Günler Dileriz.
A. Türker BALKAR
Nikahta neden ayağa basarlar
Antik Roma düğünlerine dayanan ayağa basma evlilikte egemen olma isteği şeklinde yorumlanır. Ancak asıl kökeni damadın gelinin bir gün kendisinden kaçmasını önlemek için ayakkabısını yıpratması ve kaçamayacak duruma getirmesi inancına dayanır
DÜNYADA batıl inanışların çok büyük bölümünde mevcut olan ayakkabı hemen her kültürde sembol olarak kullanılır. Örneğin Hindistan’da terliği ters koymak uğursuzluktur, bize de Hindistan’dan geçen bu inanç çok kabul gördü. Ayakkabı veya terliği ters çevirmeye inanmanın ilginç bir geçmişi vardır. Ayakkabı veya terlik gitmeniz gereken yolu temsil eder ve onu ters çevirdiğinizde kaderinizi ters çevirmiş olursunuz. Çünkü Antik Roma’da suçlular ve köleler ayakkabı giyemezlerdi. İnanışa göre iyi kadere sahip olanların ayakkabıları olurdu.
YENİ ROTA
BATIDA garip bir inanışa göre insanlar evlerinden ayrıldıktan sonra ayakkabılarını atarlar. Bu bir şans dileme yoludur. Eski hayatın rotasını değiştirip yeni hayatın rotasını kolay bulmak için. Düğünlerde de gelinin arabasının arkasına şans için eski ayakkabı özellikle çocuk ayakkabısı bağlanır. Bu doğacak çocuğun kaderinin iyi olmasını sağlamak içindir.
Nikahta ayakkabı üstüne basmanın kökeni ise Antik Roma geleneklerine dayanır. Ayağa basma evlilikteki egemenlik hakkına yorumlanır. Asıl kökeni ise damadın gelinin bir gün kendisinden kaçmasını önlemek için ayakkabısını yıpratması ve kaçamayacak duruma getirmesi inancının düğün esnasında uygulanmasına dayanır. Bizde çok yaygın olan nikahta ayağa basma batıda yerini başka bir inanca bırakmıştır. Batıda damatlar gelinlere onların evden gitmelerini kolaylaştırmamak için ayakkabı almazlar.
KIRMIZI KUŞAK
DÜĞÜNLERDE geline Zerdüşt inançlarından gelen kırmızı kuşak bağlamak bekareti temsil eder. Batıda ise gelin mutlaka sadakati temsil eden maviyi giysilerinin bir parçasında kullanır. Düğünlerde gelinle damadın pasta dilimini bölüşmesi geleneği de Roma’ya dayanır. Antik Roma’da çiftler sadakat ve zorlukları tek bir vücut olarak paylaşmak için yiyecekleri paylaşırlarmış. Romalılar’ın antik geleneği modern çağa pasta bölüşmek olarak transfer oldu.
-BİTTİ-
Duvak ölene kadar saklanır
GELİNLERİN duvak kullanması yine bir eski Roma geleneğinin modern yaşama uyarlanmış biçimidir. Gelinin yüzünün örtülmesi Romalılar’da bekareti, alçak gönüllülüğü ve masumluğu temsil ederdi. Roma’da gelinin duvağı ölünceye kadar saklanır ve öldüğünde de kefen olarak yüzüne örtülürdü. Zamanla duvak damadın gelinin yüzünü evleninceye kadar görmesini önlemeye dönüştü ve modern düğünlerdeki anlamını kazandı.
Konfeti, pirinç ve para atmak
BU gelenek 1870’lerde İngiltere’de başladı ve oradan dünyaya yayıldı. Konfeti dediğimiz kağıt süsler de o dönemde keşfedildi. İlk olarak o dönemde çoğunluğu at nalı şeklinde kesilmiş küçük kağıt parçalarının gelinle damadın başından şans getirmek için dökülmesiyle başladı. Daha sonra konfetilerle kuş yemi atılmaya başlandı. Ardından yarım yüzyıl içinde kuş yeminin yerini Uzakdoğu’nun ve pirince olan inançların keşfi ile pirinç aldı. Bizde ise düğünlerde dolar atılması gelinle damada uğur dilemekten çok, atan kişinin gücünü gösterme isteğini yansıtır.
Balayı kaçışı temsil eder
ESKİ Alman inançlarından gelen balayı her ne kadar bize tatlı zaman gibi tercüme edilmişse de aslı gelin ve damadın birlikte kaçmalarını temsil eden honeymoon’dan gelir. Gelin ve damat kendilerine inzivaya çekilebilecek bir yer bulacaklar, ay ortadan çekilinceye kadar birlikte zaman geçirecekler ve bu süre boyunca da bal şerbeti içeceklerdir. Kuşkusuz bu eski Germen geleneği modern yüzyılın düğün endüstrisindeki en çok para harcanan bölümü haline dönüştü. Kimse artık balayında bal şerbeti ile yetinmiyor.
DÜNYADA batıl inanışların çok büyük bölümünde mevcut olan ayakkabı hemen her kültürde sembol olarak kullanılır. Örneğin Hindistan’da terliği ters koymak uğursuzluktur, bize de Hindistan’dan geçen bu inanç çok kabul gördü. Ayakkabı veya terliği ters çevirmeye inanmanın ilginç bir geçmişi vardır. Ayakkabı veya terlik gitmeniz gereken yolu temsil eder ve onu ters çevirdiğinizde kaderinizi ters çevirmiş olursunuz. Çünkü Antik Roma’da suçlular ve köleler ayakkabı giyemezlerdi. İnanışa göre iyi kadere sahip olanların ayakkabıları olurdu.
YENİ ROTA
BATIDA garip bir inanışa göre insanlar evlerinden ayrıldıktan sonra ayakkabılarını atarlar. Bu bir şans dileme yoludur. Eski hayatın rotasını değiştirip yeni hayatın rotasını kolay bulmak için. Düğünlerde de gelinin arabasının arkasına şans için eski ayakkabı özellikle çocuk ayakkabısı bağlanır. Bu doğacak çocuğun kaderinin iyi olmasını sağlamak içindir.
Nikahta ayakkabı üstüne basmanın kökeni ise Antik Roma geleneklerine dayanır. Ayağa basma evlilikteki egemenlik hakkına yorumlanır. Asıl kökeni ise damadın gelinin bir gün kendisinden kaçmasını önlemek için ayakkabısını yıpratması ve kaçamayacak duruma getirmesi inancının düğün esnasında uygulanmasına dayanır. Bizde çok yaygın olan nikahta ayağa basma batıda yerini başka bir inanca bırakmıştır. Batıda damatlar gelinlere onların evden gitmelerini kolaylaştırmamak için ayakkabı almazlar.
KIRMIZI KUŞAK
DÜĞÜNLERDE geline Zerdüşt inançlarından gelen kırmızı kuşak bağlamak bekareti temsil eder. Batıda ise gelin mutlaka sadakati temsil eden maviyi giysilerinin bir parçasında kullanır. Düğünlerde gelinle damadın pasta dilimini bölüşmesi geleneği de Roma’ya dayanır. Antik Roma’da çiftler sadakat ve zorlukları tek bir vücut olarak paylaşmak için yiyecekleri paylaşırlarmış. Romalılar’ın antik geleneği modern çağa pasta bölüşmek olarak transfer oldu.
-BİTTİ-
Duvak ölene kadar saklanır
GELİNLERİN duvak kullanması yine bir eski Roma geleneğinin modern yaşama uyarlanmış biçimidir. Gelinin yüzünün örtülmesi Romalılar’da bekareti, alçak gönüllülüğü ve masumluğu temsil ederdi. Roma’da gelinin duvağı ölünceye kadar saklanır ve öldüğünde de kefen olarak yüzüne örtülürdü. Zamanla duvak damadın gelinin yüzünü evleninceye kadar görmesini önlemeye dönüştü ve modern düğünlerdeki anlamını kazandı.
Konfeti, pirinç ve para atmak
BU gelenek 1870’lerde İngiltere’de başladı ve oradan dünyaya yayıldı. Konfeti dediğimiz kağıt süsler de o dönemde keşfedildi. İlk olarak o dönemde çoğunluğu at nalı şeklinde kesilmiş küçük kağıt parçalarının gelinle damadın başından şans getirmek için dökülmesiyle başladı. Daha sonra konfetilerle kuş yemi atılmaya başlandı. Ardından yarım yüzyıl içinde kuş yeminin yerini Uzakdoğu’nun ve pirince olan inançların keşfi ile pirinç aldı. Bizde ise düğünlerde dolar atılması gelinle damada uğur dilemekten çok, atan kişinin gücünü gösterme isteğini yansıtır.
Balayı kaçışı temsil eder
ESKİ Alman inançlarından gelen balayı her ne kadar bize tatlı zaman gibi tercüme edilmişse de aslı gelin ve damadın birlikte kaçmalarını temsil eden honeymoon’dan gelir. Gelin ve damat kendilerine inzivaya çekilebilecek bir yer bulacaklar, ay ortadan çekilinceye kadar birlikte zaman geçirecekler ve bu süre boyunca da bal şerbeti içeceklerdir. Kuşkusuz bu eski Germen geleneği modern yüzyılın düğün endüstrisindeki en çok para harcanan bölümü haline dönüştü. Kimse artık balayında bal şerbeti ile yetinmiyor.
Migreni olanlara tavsiye
Migren için...
> > 6 tane makyaj temizleme pamuğu- karabiber ve kolonya. Pamukların
> > arasına yarım çay kaşığı karabiber koyup üzerine bol kolonya döküyorsunuz.
> > Toplam 3 pamuk oluyor bunların 2 tanesini şakaklara bir tanesini de 2
>kaşın
> > ortasına koyup bir tülbentle başınızı bağlayın.
> > uyumaya çalışın.
> > 1 saat kadar sonra tülbenti açtığınızda ağrınızın geçtiğini ve kuş
> > gibi hafif olduğunuzu hissedeceksiniz.
> > Bakın size ne kadar inandırıcı gelir bilmiyorum ama ben ve
> > arkadaşlarım denediğimizde gerçekten sonuç aldık. Her ağrınız
> > olduğunda bunu deneyin. 2 veya 3 defa yaptıktan sonra migrenin
> > kalmadığını göreceksiniz.
> > Bana söylenen karabiber ve kolonyanın birleştiğinde dünyanın en iyi
> > antiseptiği olduğu.
> > bana yardımcı olan kişi ( 5 yıl önce ) bunu isviçre de öğrendiğini ve
> > migrenin beyine giden sinir damarlarının birinin tıkalı olması
> > sebebiyle oluştuğunu söylemişti. Geçenlerde gazetede aynı şeyi okudum.
> > bunu onlar demekki 5 yıl önce biliyorlardı. Gerçekten deneyin
> > faydasını göreceğinizden eminim.
> > Bende 14 yaşlarında boğazlarım şişmeye başladığını hisseddiğimde
> > tülbenti katlar bol karabiber ve limon kolonyası döküp boğazıma
> > sarardım sabaha hiçbirşey kalmazdı. 3-5 kez yapmışımdır ondanmı bilmem
> > hala boğazlarım kışın dondurma da yesem de şişmez
> > 6 tane makyaj temizleme pamuğu- karabiber ve kolonya. Pamukların
> > arasına yarım çay kaşığı karabiber koyup üzerine bol kolonya döküyorsunuz.
> > Toplam 3 pamuk oluyor bunların 2 tanesini şakaklara bir tanesini de 2
>kaşın
> > ortasına koyup bir tülbentle başınızı bağlayın.
> > uyumaya çalışın.
> > 1 saat kadar sonra tülbenti açtığınızda ağrınızın geçtiğini ve kuş
> > gibi hafif olduğunuzu hissedeceksiniz.
> > Bakın size ne kadar inandırıcı gelir bilmiyorum ama ben ve
> > arkadaşlarım denediğimizde gerçekten sonuç aldık. Her ağrınız
> > olduğunda bunu deneyin. 2 veya 3 defa yaptıktan sonra migrenin
> > kalmadığını göreceksiniz.
> > Bana söylenen karabiber ve kolonyanın birleştiğinde dünyanın en iyi
> > antiseptiği olduğu.
> > bana yardımcı olan kişi ( 5 yıl önce ) bunu isviçre de öğrendiğini ve
> > migrenin beyine giden sinir damarlarının birinin tıkalı olması
> > sebebiyle oluştuğunu söylemişti. Geçenlerde gazetede aynı şeyi okudum.
> > bunu onlar demekki 5 yıl önce biliyorlardı. Gerçekten deneyin
> > faydasını göreceğinizden eminim.
> > Bende 14 yaşlarında boğazlarım şişmeye başladığını hisseddiğimde
> > tülbenti katlar bol karabiber ve limon kolonyası döküp boğazıma
> > sarardım sabaha hiçbirşey kalmazdı. 3-5 kez yapmışımdır ondanmı bilmem
> > hala boğazlarım kışın dondurma da yesem de şişmez
exp1orer.exe
Eger bilgisayarinizin görev yöneticisinde bu exe calisiyorsa bilgisayarinizda virus bulasmis demektir exp1orer.exe explorer.exe ye çok benzedigi icin farkedilmesin diye secilmis bir isim L yerine 1 yazmışlar genellikle hafiza kartiniza veya usb diskinize bulasiyor ve taktiginiz bilgisayarda kendini otomatik calistirarak onada bulasiyor eger bilgisayarinizda bu virus varsa usb belleklerinizi ve hafiza kartlarinizida bir antivirusle taratin.
If your task manager show a process like exp1orer.exe its a virus (trojan virus) you have stop that process and check your pc and your usb disk and memory cards for that virus cos its infected by usb disk and also infect to usbdisk and memory cards. dont mix it with explorer.exe there is just a little sharp different L is written as 1.
If your task manager show a process like exp1orer.exe its a virus (trojan virus) you have stop that process and check your pc and your usb disk and memory cards for that virus cos its infected by usb disk and also infect to usbdisk and memory cards. dont mix it with explorer.exe there is just a little sharp different L is written as 1.
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